AP Biology: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Hardy-Weinberg is the null hypothesis of population genetics: it describes what allele frequencies look like when nothing is driving them. Knowing the equation is easy; knowing what its failure tells you is the exam skill.
This quiz covers p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 in practice — working back from a recessive phenotype frequency, finding carrier frequency, and recognising which of the five conditions a scenario violates.
Every calculation here was checked by hand before publication.
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Sample questions3 of 12 shown
Q1
In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of allele A is 0.6 and the frequency of allele a is 0.4. What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes (Aa) in the next generation?
Q2
A population initially has an allele frequency of p = 0.7 for allele B and q = 0.3 for allele b. If the population experiences strong natural selection against the homozygous recessive genotype (bb), what would you expect to happen to allele frequencies in subsequent generations?
Q3
Which scenario would most likely cause a population to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
What This Quiz Covers
- The Hardy-Weinberg equation and what each term means
- The five conditions for equilibrium
- Finding allele frequency from phenotype frequency
- Carrier frequency in recessive disorders
- Genetic drift, bottlenecks, and gene flow
- Why one violated condition is enough
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